Innocence of Muslims is an anti-Islam video,[1][2] written and produced by Nakoula Basseley Nakoula. It was initially titled Desert Warrior at the time it was filmed in 2011. It was reported that the script was initially "about tribal battles prompted by the arrival of a comet on Earth."[3] Though the story had no religious references, anti-Islamic content was added post production by overdubbing, reportedly without the actors' knowledge.[4] According to a self-described consultant to the film, the full-length feature film was shown only once to the public—to an audience of fewer than ten people at a rented theater in Hollywood, California, under the title Innocence of Bn Laden. [sic][5][6] When contacted about the the film, Nakoula used the alias "Sam Bacile", and claimed he was an Israeli-Jew real estate developer, though it was later reported that he is an Egyptian-born Coptic Christian.[7][8][9][10]
Videos of about 14 minutes in length that claimed to be previews or "trailers" of a longer film were uploaded to YouTube in July 2012 by a user named "Sam Bacile"[11] under the titles The Real Life of Muhammad and Muhammad Movie Trailer. Trailers dubbed in the Arabic language were uploaded in early September 2012[11] and spread by Egyptian-American blogger and Coptic Christian Morris Sadek.[12]On September 8, 2012, an excerpt of the YouTube video was broadcast on Al-Nas TV, an Egyptian Islamist television station.[13]Demonstrations and violent protests against the film broke out on September 11 in Egypt and Libya. The protests spread to Yemen and other Arab and Muslim nations over the following days and included attacks on U.S. consulates and embassies. A military-style attack on September 11, 2012 on the U.S. consulate in Benghazi, Libya, that resulted in the deaths of U.S. Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens and three other Americans, may not have been a spontaneous protest due to the film, but rather may have been planned in advance, according the U.S. and Libyan officials.[14][15]
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